Smart solar tracker with output measurement
A solar panel that tracks the sun on two axes using light sensors while measuring the current and voltage it produces, so the gain from tracking is measured in numbers instead of assumed.
The problem
A fixed panel only reaches peak output for about two hours a day, staying at a less-than-ideal angle the rest of the time. Tracking genuinely raises output, but most projects just build the tracker without measuring the gain, so there's no proof it's worth it.
How it works
- SensingFour light sensors at the panel's edges compare light intensity.
- GuidanceTwo servo motors, horizontal and vertical, turn the panel toward the brightest direction.
- MeasurementAn INA219 module measures the output current and voltage moment by moment.
- StorageAn MPPT controller charges a lithium battery more efficiently than direct charging.
Project features
- The two axes turn based on real sensor readings, not stored timing, so the system works in cloudy weather too.
- Direct measurement of current and voltage gives a real output curve.
- It compares tracking with a fixed position on the same day, showing the benefit in numbers.
- The battery is charged through an MPPT controller, so energy is stored instead of wasted.
Parts
All the parts you need in one place. Remove what you already have, and swap parts to fit your budget. Parts with a photo are available in our store at their current price.
Prices are estimates and may change. Parts marked “other supplier” are ordered outside our main store.
Expected challenges
These are the main obstacles to expect during the build, laid out clearly so you know them before you start.
- The servo jitters around the balance point, so a dead zone is needed in the code.
- The servo uses part of the energy gained, and that must be subtracted in the calculation.
- Patchy clouds make the panel chase shadows, so readings need smoothing.
- The mechanical frame is harder than the electronics: it must hold the panel steady against the wind.
The consultation gives you a solution for each one.
Similar projects
Projects close to this one in idea or parts. Check the differences before deciding, and borrow ideas you can add to your own project.
Students' experiences
Add a comment on the idea: +2 points. Or share your experience with photos of your build: +10 points. Every 50 points become a JD 5 discount voucher on parts orders.
Need solutions to the challenges and a complete technical path?
In the consultation we give you a solution for each challenge above, plus a practical build plan from the first step to the last: technologies, libraries, wiring diagram, timeline, and tips for the defense.
- Consultation session
- PDF with solutions and a plan
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